This course will explore processes that determine Earth's climate. We will apply descriptive and quantitative techniques to understand how radiative, thermodynamic, and dynamic processes distribute energy throughout the Earth System, drive climate feedbacks, and determine the sensitivity of Earth's climate to external perturbations. We will apply these concepts to explore how atmospheric, hydrologic, cryospheric, solar/orbital, land surface, volcanic, and human processes influence past, present, and future climate. We will also study inherent modes of climate variability, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).